What is the effect of quoting the end marker in a here-document?

• A. Prevents parameter expansion
• B. Prevents redirection
• C. Prevents file globbing
• D. Prevents expansion of variables and command substitution, preserving literal text

Answer: (D)

Quoting the end marker makes the here-document literal. The shell stops performing expansions on the content, so anything like variables or command substitutions stays exactly as written and is not executed or substituted. This means lines with $VAR or $(cmd) are passed to the command unchanged, preserving literal text. That’s why this option is the best choice: it captures both the prevention of expansions and the exact preservation of the text.